Retrieval-Augmented Generation: the model answers from documents you retrieve at query time, so responses stay grounded in your own data.

An eval metric: how well an answer stays grounded in the retrieved context, with nothing invented.

Automated scoring of an AI system’s output (faithfulness, relevancy, precision…) so quality is measured, not guessed.

A numeric vector that represents the meaning of text, used to find semantically similar content.

A second-pass model that re-scores retrieved candidates for relevance, sharpening precision before generation.

An LLM that can plan and call tools in a loop to complete a task — not just answer once.

Rules and checks around an AI system that constrain inputs, outputs and tool use to keep it safe and on-policy.

An attempt to trick an AI into ignoring its safety rules or system instructions.

An attack that hides malicious instructions inside content the model reads, hijacking its behaviour.

Continuous Integration / Continuous Delivery: automated build, test and deploy on every change.

Vulnerability Assessment & Penetration Testing: security testing that finds and exploits weaknesses before attackers do.

A pull-based delivery method: a live board with work-in-progress limits and continuous flow.

A delivery method using fixed-length sprints with a committed scope and regular ceremonies.

A tool that packages a service and its dependencies into a portable container that runs the same everywhere.

An orchestrator that deploys, scales and self-heals containerised services across machines.

The ability to understand a system’s internal state from its traces, metrics and logs.

Application Performance Monitoring: traces and metrics that surface latency, errors and bottlenecks across services.

Service Level Objective: a target for a reliability metric (e.g. 99.9% uptime) that alerts are tied to.

The customer journey through awareness, consideration, conversion and retention.

Return On Ad Spend: revenue generated per unit of advertising spend.

Cost Per Acquisition: what it costs in marketing spend to win one customer.

An ad that opens a WhatsApp chat on tap, turning ad spend into direct conversations.